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Sources

Sources & further reading

This knowledge base is compiled from scientific literature, patents, technical guides from manufacturers, standards and industry sources. Manufacturer sources may contain marketing claims; the type of source is always stated.

Science & history

  1. [1] Smart glass – Wikipedia. Encyclopedia · overview of PDLC, SPD, electrochromic and other technologies.
  2. [2] James Fergason, a Pioneer in Advancing of Liquid Crystal Technology – arXiv:1310.7569. Scientific article · history of NCAP and Fergason's work.
  3. [3] US 4,435,047 – Encapsulated liquid crystal and method – J. L. Fergason, 1984. Patent · the emulsion method behind NCAP.
  4. [4] Field controlled light scattering from nematic microdroplets – J. W. Doane, N. A. Vaz, B.-G. Wu, S. Žumer, Applied Physics Letters 48 (1986) 269. Scientific article · the phase-separation method (Kent State University).
  5. [5] H. Hakemi – Liquid Crystals Today (2017). Trade article (PDF, via Gauzy) · history, patents and commercialisation of PDLC.
  6. [6] Evaluation of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Passive Rear Projection Screen Application – Recent Progress in Materials. Scientific article · PDLC as a projection screen, including a historical review.
  7. [7] Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals – Materiability. Materials database · production methods (encapsulation and phase separation).

Technology & application

  1. [8] Switchable PDLC Film Smart Glass Introduction – Designing Buildings Wiki. Construction wiki · introduction.
  2. [9] Smart Glass Applications with PDLC Technology – BNP Media Continuing Education. Course for architects · operation, haze, applications.
  3. [10] Smart Glass Solutions for Interior Commercial Structures – Polytronix / BNP Media. Course (manufacturer) · switching time, office applications.
  4. [11] Everything You Want To Know About Smart Glass – Gauzy. Guide (manufacturer, PDF) · film vs. glass, specifications.
  5. [12] PDLC Smart Film – Gauzy. Product page (manufacturer).
  6. [13] Low voltage driving PDLC film for smart glass – Designing Buildings Wiki. Construction wiki · drive voltage and low-voltage films.
  7. [14] Smart Film Technology Guide – KSB Window Film. Guide (supplier) · costs and installation.
  8. [20] Smart film switchable glass – Designing Buildings Wiki. Construction wiki · smart film switchable glass.
  9. [22] Smart Glass 101: Everything You Need to Know About Switchable Glass and Film – Smart Glass Country (YouTube). Video · general explanation.

Standards & regulations

  1. [18] What the new ANSI Z97.1-2026 means for the glass industry – Megaproject. Industry news · the 2026 revision of the US safety glazing standard.
  2. [19] 16 CFR Part 1201 – Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials – eCFR (US). US federal regulation · architectural glazing materials.
  3. [26] IEC 60364 – Low-voltage electrical installations – International Electrotechnical Commission. International standard · electrical installations.

Industry & market

  1. [15] Smart Glass Companies – MarketsandMarkets. Market research · overview of major smart glass companies.
  2. [16] Nooit meer gezeur over gordijnen met zelfverduisterende vensters – Fontys (NL). News (Dutch) · eLstar Dynamics, Eindhoven.
  3. [17] AGC introduceert Halio schakelbaar glas – Glas in Beeld (NL). Trade magazine (Dutch) · electrochromic glass.
  4. [21] Find Window Film – dealer locator – International Window Film Association. Association · dealer and installer locator.
  5. [23] Schakelbaar doorzicht (Priva-Lite) – Vandaglas (NL). Product page (Dutch) · switchable insulating glass.
  6. [24] SmartFilm.in – PDLC Switchable Smart Film in India – SmartFilm.in. Supplier page · indicative prices in India.
  7. [25] Privacy glas op maat: helder of mat met 1 schakelaar – Dutch Glass Design (NL). Product page (Dutch) · price indication for laminated PDLC glass in Europe.